Hospital Management Course: Mastering Healthcare Operations in India

Benefits of This Course
Enrolling in this course offers a transformative learning experience to launch your career in
hospital management in India. Here are the key benefits:

MCQ Test for Course Completion: Test your knowledge with a 20-question MCQ
quiz, ensuring mastery of course content and readiness for professional roles.

Comprehensive Step-by-Step Learning: A complete course covering hospital
management fundamentals, HMS usage, and practical operations like inventory and
OPD management, ensuring skills for real-world healthcare challenges.

Certificate of Completion: Earn a recognized certificate upon finishing, enhancing
your resume for job applications or administrative roles in cities like Chandigarh or
Lucknow.

Free AI Tool Support: Access the Avani Hospital Manager AI (link below),
offering step-by-step guidance in Hindi and English for HMS challenges, operational
queries, and career advice, making learning accessible.

Assured 30-Day Paid Internship: Gain hands-on experience through a guaranteed
30-day paid internship with a reputable hospital or healthcare firm, working on tasks
like OPD scheduling or inventory tracking.

Assured Job Placement: Secure a job in a reputed healthcare facility upon
completion, with placement support tailored to India’s healthcare market, including
opportunities in Delhi, Jaipur, or Noida.

Before starting, connect with the Avani Hospital Manager AI,
https://aistudio.instagram.com/ai/1402426631000815/?utm_source=share
an AI-powered assistant designed to support your hospital management journey. Access it
here: Avani Hospital Manager AI. Available in Hindi and English, Avani Hospital Manager
AI is your personal guide, offering step-by-step solutions for HMS usage, operational
challenges, and career planning.
Benefits of Using Avani Hospital Manager AI:

• Bilingual Step-by-Step Guidance: Stuck on an HMS billing error or inventory
  process? Avani Hospital Manager AI provides clear instructions in Hindi or English,
  e.g., “HMS में िबिलग कैसे करें?” or “How to generate a bill in HMS?”, ensuring
  accessibility.
• Career Support in Your Language: Get answers in Hindi or English about
  healthcare careers, like finding administrative roles in Mumbai or preparing for
  interviews in Bangalore, navigating India’s healthcare market confidently.
• Professional Resume Creation: Build a free, polished resume with Avani Hospital
  Manager AI’s guidance in Hindi or English, suggesting skills like “HMS Proficiency”
  or “Inventory Management” for job applications.
• Personalized Operational Feedback: Receive tips on improving processes, e.g.,
  optimizing OPD queues for Delhi hospitals, making your work impactful in the Indian
  healthcare sector.
• Time-Saving and Accessible: Available 24/7 via Instagram, Avani Hospital Manager
  AI supports busy learners in cities like Pune, offering instant help without costly
  mentors.
• Boosts Confidence: By addressing beginner hurdles (e.g., HMS errors, staff
  scheduling) in a familiar language, Avani Hospital Manager AI empowers you to
  focus on managing hospitals effectively.
  Interactive Tip: Visit the Avani Hospital Manager AI link now and ask a question in Hindi
  or English, e.g., “How do I fix an HMS billing error?” or “मुझे OPD मैनेजमेंट कैसे सुधारना
  चािहए?” Save the response for reference.
  Getting Started: Using Text-to-Speech for an Audio
  Experience
  To enhance your learning, use the text-to-speech feature on your smartphone (Android/iOS)
  or laptop to have the content read aloud. This is ideal for multitasking or accessibility. If you
  want me to guide you in audio format, please do the following steps:
  For Android:

Use in Browser: Open this course, select text, and press the designated key to listen.
Interactive Tip: Enable text-to-speech now and listen to the next section to get comfortable.
It’s like having a healthcare mentor narrating your journey!

Open Settings: Launch the “Settings” app.

Navigate to Accessibility: Scroll to “Accessibility” or search for it.

Enable Select to Speak: Tap “Select to Speak” and toggle it on. Download a voice
pack if prompted.

Customize Settings: Under “Text-to-Speech Output,” select a voice and adjust the
speech rate.

Use in Browser: Open this course in a browser (e.g., Chrome), tap the “Select to
Speak” icon, and highlight text to listen.
For iOS (iPhone/iPad):

Open Settings: Go to the “Settings” app.

Access Spoken Content: Tap “Accessibility,” then “Spoken Content.”

Enable Speak Selection: Turn on “Speak Selection” or “Speak Screen.”

Customize Voice: Tap “Voices” to choose a voice and adjust speed.

Use in Safari: Open this course in Safari, highlight text, and tap “Speak.” For
continuous reading, swipe down with two fingers for “Speak Screen.”
For Windows Laptop:

Open Settings: Click the Windows Start menu and select “Settings.”

Go to Ease of Access: Choose “Ease of Access,” then “Narrator.”

Enable Narrator: Toggle “Narrator” on or press Windows + Ctrl + Enter.

Adjust Voice Settings: Customize voice and speed under “Narrator Settings.”

Use in Browser: Open this course, click the text, and Narrator will read it aloud.
For Mac Laptop:

Open System Preferences: Click the Apple menu and select “System Preferences.”

Access Spoken Content: Go to “Accessibility,” then “Spoken Content.”

Enable Speak Selection: Check “Speak selected text when the key is pressed”
(default: Option + Esc).

Customize Voice: Choose a voice and adjust speed under “System Voice.”

This course is divided into four modules, each focusing on a critical aspect of hospital
management in India. Interactive elements like case studies, quizzes, and reflection questions
keep you engaged, while real-life examples (e.g., managing inventory in Jaipur) make
concepts relatable. The goal is to inspire you to see hospitals as dynamic systems that blend
technology and human effort to save lives.
Learning Objectives

• Understand the core components of hospital management and their real-world
  applications.
• Master hospital management software, focusing on systems popular in North India.
• Learn to manage inventory, HR, general operations, and OPDs with practical skills.
• Leverage AI tools for operational efficiency and career growth in healthcare.
  Course Structure

1. Module 1: Fundamentals of Hospital Management (~2.5 hours)
2. Module 2: Hospital Management Software in North India (~2.5 hours)
3. Module 3: Managing Inventory, HR, and General Operations (~2.5 hours)
4. Module 4: OPD Management and AI Tool Integration (~2.5 hours)
   Module 1: Fundamentals of Hospital Management
   1.1 What is Hospital Management?
   Hospital management is the coordination of all hospital functions to deliver quality patient
   care, ensure operational efficiency, and maintain financial sustainability. Think of a hospital
   as a bustling city: doctors, nurses, administrators, and support staff work together like citizens
   to keep it running smoothly.
   Key Components (with Real-Life Examples):

• Clinical Services: Managing doctors and patient care protocols. For example,
  ensuring a surgeon in Mumbai has sterile tools for a procedure, leading to faster
  patient recovery.
• Administrative Services: Handling billing and scheduling. Picture a patient in Delhi
  receiving a clear bill: “X-ray: ₹500, Consultation: ₹300,” processed smoothly at the
  reception.
• Facility Management: Maintaining a clean, safe environment. In Chandigarh,
  spotless floors and working elevators create a welcoming hospital atmosphere.
• Financial Management: Budgeting and revenue tracking. A Jaipur hospital
  negotiates with an insurance company to cover a patient’s surgery, easing financial
  stress.
• Human Resources (HR): Hiring and training staff. A friendly nurse in Lucknow,
  trained by HR, explains treatment plans clearly to patients.
• Information Systems: Managing patient records. A doctor in Kanpur accesses a
  patient’s digital medical history instantly, reducing errors.
• Supply Chain: Ensuring inventory availability. A pharmacy in Gurgaon never runs
  out of paracetamol due to efficient stock tracking.
  Real-Life Example: A Delhi hospital streamlines OPD scheduling, reducing patient wait
  times by 40%. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI: If confused, ask, “What are the main roles
  in hospital management?”
  Interactive Activity:
• Reflection Question: Recall a hospital visit. What impressed you (e.g., quick
  billing)? What could improve (e.g., long queues)? Write down two observations.
• Quiz: What are three goals of hospital management? (Answers at the end of the
  module.)
  1.2 Why Hospital Management Matters
  Effective management saves lives, reduces costs, and improves staff morale. Poor
  management leads to delays, errors, or unhappy patients. For example, a hospital in Noida
  reduced complaints by 50% by improving OPD processes.
  Case Study: A 200-bed hospital in Chandigarh used efficient scheduling to cut OPD wait
  times from 2 hours to 30 minutes, boosting patient satisfaction.
  Interactive Tip: Imagine managing a small hospital in Pune. List three changes (e.g., better
  signage, faster billing) to improve patient experience.
  1.3 Role of Technology
  Technology, like HMS, automates tasks and improves accuracy. For example, digital records
  in a Bangalore hospital allow doctors to access patient data instantly, reducing errors.
  Estimated Reading and Activity Time for Module 1: 2.5 hours.
  Module 2: Hospital Management Software in North India
  2.1 Introduction to Hospital Management Software
  Hospital Management Software (HMS) is a digital platform that automates hospital
  operations, from patient registration to billing. Think of it as the hospital’s digital backbone,
  connecting departments seamlessly.
  Common Features:
• Patient Management: Manages registration and electronic health records (EHR). In
  Delhi, a patient’s details are retrieved quickly for faster service.
• Billing: Generates clear invoices. A Mumbai patient receives a bill listing “Blood
  Test: ₹200,” ensuring transparency (Module 2 Quiz).
• Inventory: Tracks supplies. A Jaipur pharmacy avoids stockouts with real-time alerts.
• Staff Management: Handles schedules. Nurses in Kanpur get timely shift
  assignments.
• Reporting: Provides data insights. A Lucknow hospital uses reports to optimize OPD
  staffing.
  Real-Life Example: A Gurgaon hospital uses HMS to send appointment reminders, reducing
  no-shows by 30%. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI: For help, ask, “What are key HMS
  features?”
  Interactive Activity: Watch a 5-minute YouTube demo of an HMS (e.g., “eHospital
  Systems”). Note two features that benefit patients or staff.
  2.2 Popular HMS in North India
• eHospital Systems (Nexlify): Scalable, used in Delhi for comprehensive modules.
• Medixcel: Affordable, strong in inventory, popular in Punjab.
• SoftClinic: Cost-effective, common in Rajasthan for small hospitals.
• MocDoc: Cloud-based, used in Uttarakhand for OPD management.
• Aarogya: Multilingual, tailored for Indian hospitals, used across North India.
  Real-Life Example: A Kanpur hospital uses MocDoc to manage OPDs, cutting wait times by
  25%.
  Interactive Tip: Visit an HMS website (e.g., mocdoc.in). Note one feature that excites you.
  2.3 Using HMS
  Practical steps to use HMS (e.g., eHospital Systems) for common tasks.
  Task 1: Registering a Patient

1. Log In: Access HMS with credentials.
2. Go to Patient Module: Click “Patient Management.”
3. Add Details: Enter name, age, medical history (e.g., diabetes).
4. Save ID: Generate a unique patient ID.
   Interactive Exercise: Register “Anita Sharma, age 45, with hypertension.” List the steps and
   one detail to double-check.
   Task 2: Scheduling an Appointment
5. Go to Appointment Module: Select “Appointments.”
6. Choose Doctor/Time: Pick Dr. Gupta at 10 AM.
7. Link Patient: Use patient ID.
8. Send Confirmation: SMS/email sent to patient.
   Interactive Exercise: Schedule an appointment for “Ravi Kumar” with a cardiologist.
   Describe how this improves patient experience.
   Estimated Reading and Activity Time for Module 2: 2.5 hours.
   Module 3: Managing Inventory, HR, and General
   Operations
   3.1 Inventory Management
   Ensures hospitals have supplies like medicines and bandages without shortages or waste.
   Steps:

• Stock Tracking: Monitor levels via HMS. A Jaipur hospital gets alerts for low
  paracetamol stock.
• Procurement: Order supplies when low. A Delhi hospital reorders insulin based on
  trends.
• Expiry Management: Track expiry dates. A Chandigarh pharmacy discards expired
  drugs early.
• Distribution: Deliver supplies to departments. A Mumbai OPD receives gloves on
  time.
  Real-Life Example: During a flu outbreak in Lucknow, HMS ensured antiviral stock,
  preventing delays. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI: For help, ask, “How do I manage
  hospital inventory?”
  Interactive Activity: HMS shows 20 bandages left. Plan steps to restock.
  3.2 HR Management
  Manages hiring, training, and scheduling for hospital staff.
  Functions:
• Recruitment: Hire doctors/nurses. A Pune hospital advertises for a radiologist.
• Training: Teach HMS or emergency skills. A Bangalore nurse learns defibrillator
  use.
• Scheduling: Assign shifts via HMS. Nurses in Noida get fair schedules.
• Performance: Review staff feedback. A Delhi doctor improves based on patient
  reviews.
  Real-Life Example: A Gurgaon hospital reduced nurse turnover by 20% with HMS
  scheduling.
  Interactive Exercise: A nurse reports overwork. List steps to fix their schedule using HMS.
  3.3 General Management
  Oversees daily operations, budgeting, and compliance.
  Tasks:
• Budgeting: Allocate funds. A Jaipur hospital budgets ₹15 lakh for an MRI machine.
• Compliance: Follow regulations. A Mumbai hospital passes inspections with
  documented processes.
• Patient Flow: Manage movement. Clear signage in a Chandigarh OPD reduces
  confusion.
  Real-Life Example: A Lucknow hospital saves ₹3 lakh annually by switching to energy
  efficient lights after HMS cost analysis.
  Interactive Tip: Observe a hospital’s reception (virtually or in person). Suggest one
  improvement for patient flow.
  Estimated Reading and Activity Time for Module 3: 2.5 hours.
  Module 4: OPD Management and AI Tool Integration
  4.1 OPD Management
  Manages outpatient services for consultations and minor treatments.
  Functions:
• Appointment Scheduling: Book slots via HMS. A Delhi patient books a 15-minute
  dermatologist slot.
• Queue Management: Organize patient flow. A Kanpur OPD uses digital displays for
  tokens.
• Patient Records: Update EHR. A Jaipur doctor logs blood pressure data.
• Follow-Ups: Schedule return visits. A Mumbai patient gets a 3-month diabetes check
  up reminder.
  Real-Life Example: A Dehradun hospital uses MocDoc for online OPD bookings, cutting
  wait times from 90 to 20 minutes.
  Interactive Case Study: A 100-bed hospital has long OPD queues. Propose three HMS
  solutions (e.g., online booking, token system).
  4.2 Leveraging AI Tools
  AI tools like Avani Hospital Manager AI enhance HMS usage and operations.
  Features:
• HMS Troubleshooting: Fix billing errors, e.g., for a Pune hospital.
• Process Optimization: Suggest OPD improvements, e.g., queue management in
  Bangalore.
• Career Guidance: Advise on healthcare roles, e.g., for Delhi administrators.
• Documentation: Generate reports, e.g., for a Chandigarh hospital.
  Real-Life Example: A Noida manager uses Avani Hospital Manager AI to fix an HMS error,
  saving hours. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI: For help, ask, “How do I optimize OPD
  queues with HMS?”
  Interactive Exercise: Simulate an HMS billing error. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI for a
  fix and note the solution.
  4.3 Practical AI Tool Tasks
  Task 1: Troubleshooting HMS with Avani Hospital Manager AI

1. Identify Issue: Note an HMS error (e.g., billing mismatch).
2. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI: Query in Hindi/English for a solution.
3. Apply Fix: Update HMS settings.
   Task 2: Optimizing Operations
4. Analyze Process: Review OPD wait times.
5. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI: Seek suggestions for efficiency.
6. Implement: Apply changes, e.g., add staff during peak hours.
   Troubleshooting Tips:

AI Tool Limits: Use precise prompts for better answers.
Estimated Reading and Activity Time for Module 4: 2.5 hours.

HMS Errors: Restart software or check user permissions. Ask Avani Hospital
Manager AI: “How do I fix HMS errors?”

Slow HMS: Clear cache or update system.

Congratulations on completing the Hospital Management Course for India! You’ve
mastered hospital management fundamentals, HMS usage, and practical skills for inventory,
HR, and OPDs. With support from the Avani Hospital Manager AI, you’re ready to manage
hospitals in Delhi, Mumbai, or beyond.
Final Interactive Activity:

Practical Application: Visit a hospital or talk to a healthcare worker. Compare their
HMS/OPD processes to what you learned.

Reflection: Write a 100-word essay on how this course and Avani Hospital Manager
AI changed your view of hospital management. What excites you most?

Quiz Answers:

• Module 1 Quiz: Three goals of hospital management: Quality patient care,
  operational efficiency, financial sustainability.
• Module 2 Quiz: Three benefits of HMS for billing: Transparency, reduced errors,
  faster processing.

This quiz tests your understanding of hospital management fundamentals and the use of
hospital management software (HMS), with a focus on on-ground realities in India, such as
managing OPDs in Delhi or inventory in Jaipur. It consists of 20 multiple-choice questions
(MCQs) divided into two sections: Hospital Management Fundamentals (10 questions)
and HMS Technical Know-How (10 questions). Each question has four options, with one
correct answer. The questions reflect practical challenges like handling patient queues or
fixing HMS errors. Answers and explanations are provided, connecting concepts to real
world scenarios. For support, use the Avani Hospital Manager AI: Avani Hospital Manager
AI.
Section 1: Hospital Management Fundamentals
Question 1
What is a primary goal of hospital management in a Mumbai hospital?
A) Increasing patient fees only
B) Ensuring quality care, efficiency, and financial sustainability
C) Reducing OPD hours
D) Limiting staff training
Question 2
What does administrative services handle when a patient arrives at a Delhi hospital’s
reception?
A) Performing surgeries
B) Generating a clear bill like “Consultation: ₹300”
C) Maintaining equipment
D) Ordering medicines
Question 3
What facility management issue might a Chandigarh hospital address?
A) Hiring doctors
B) Fixing a broken elevator for patient mobility
C) Updating medical records
D) Scheduling shifts
Question 4
How does inventory management help during a flu outbreak in Lucknow?
A) By reducing OPD hours
B) By ensuring antiviral medicine stock
C) By hiring receptionists
D) By increasing fees
Question 5
How can a Kanpur hospital improve OPD patient experience?
A) By reducing doctor availability
B) By sending SMS appointment reminders
C) By increasing wait times
D) By limiting online bookings
Question 6
What HR solution addresses high nurse turnover in a Gurgaon hospital?
A) Reducing patient admissions
B) Offering training and fair schedules
C) Increasing supply orders
D) Generating financial reports
Question 7
What does financial management do for a delayed insurance claim in a Jaipur hospital?
A) Cleans wards
B) Negotiates with the insurance company
C) Updates HMS records
D) Schedules OPDs
Question 8
What supply chain challenge does a Rajasthan hospital address?
A) Training nurses
B) Ensuring timely oxygen cylinder delivery
C) Creating marketing campaigns
D) Managing appointments
Question 9
What is a common OPD issue in a busy Dehradun hospital?
A) Too many doctors
B) Long wait times due to overcrowding
C) Excess medicine stock
D) Overstaffed reception
Question 10
Why is information system management critical in a high-volume Pune hospital?
A) It ensures clean facilities
B) It secures patient records for quick access
C) It reduces nurse hiring
D) It procures supplies
Section 2: HMS Technical Know-How
Question 11
What is a key benefit of HMS for billing in a Noida hospital?
A) Increases paperwork
B) Ensures transparency, reduced errors, faster processing
C) Delays insurance claims
D) Limits registration
Question 12
Which HMS module records a new patient’s details in a Punjab hospital?
A) Billing Module
B) Inventory Module
C) Patient Management Module
D) Reporting Module
Question 13
How does HMS prevent pharmacy stockouts in a Haryana hospital?
A) By scheduling shifts
B) By alerting staff for low medicine stock
C) By generating bills
D) By updating payroll
Question 14
Which HMS is popular in Uttarakhand for cloud-based OPD management?
A) Microsoft Excel
B) MocDoc
C) Google Sheets
D) Adobe Photoshop
Question 15
What is the first step to book an OPD appointment in eHospital Systems in Delhi?
A) Order supplies
B) Log in to HMS with credentials
C) Generate reports
D) Update records
Question 16
How does HMS reduce missed OPD appointments in a Jaipur hospital?
A) By increasing fees
B) By sending SMS/email reminders
C) By reducing time slots
D) By manual calls
Question 17
Which HMS module helps analyze OPD peak times in a Chandigarh hospital?
A) Patient Management
B) Billing Module
C) Reporting Module
D) Staff Management
Question 18
How does HMS improve nurse scheduling in a Lucknow hospital?
A) By manual tracking
B) By automating shift assignments
C) By reducing patients
D) By increasing billing errors
Question 19
What Medixcel feature helps a Punjab hospital manage its pharmacy?
A) Social media integration
B) Robust inventory tracking
C) Patient entertainment
D) Weather forecasting
Question 20
If HMS shows low insulin stock in a Gurgaon hospital, what should staff do?
A) Ignore the alert
B) Place an urgent vendor order
C) Reduce OPD appointments
D) Update billing
Answers and Explanations
Section 1: Hospital Management Fundamentals
Question 1: Answer – B) Ensuring quality care, efficiency, and financial sustainability
Explanation: Mumbai hospitals aim for quality care, efficiency, and sustainability (Module 1
Quiz). Options A, C, and D harm operations. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI: For clarity,
ask, “What are hospital management goals?”
Question 2: Answer – B) Generating a clear bill like “Consultation: ₹300”
Explanation: Administrative services produce clear bills for Delhi patients, ensuring
transparency (Module 1). Other options relate to clinical or supply tasks.
Question 3: Answer – B) Fixing a broken elevator for patient mobility
Explanation: Facility management fixes elevators in Chandigarh hospitals to ensure access
(Module 1). Options A, C, and D are unrelated.
Question 4: Answer – B) By ensuring antiviral medicine stock
Explanation: Inventory management prevents treatment delays in Lucknow during outbreaks
(Module 3). Options A, C, and D are irrelevant.
Question 5: Answer – B) By sending SMS appointment reminders
Explanation: SMS reminders reduce no-shows in Kanpur OPDs, improving experience
(Module 3). Options A, C, and D worsen satisfaction.
Question 6: Answer – B) Offering training and fair schedules
Explanation: Training and fair scheduling reduce nurse turnover in Gurgaon (Module 3).
Options A, C, and D don’t address retention. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI: For help,
ask, “How do I manage nurse schedules?”
Question 7: Answer – B) Negotiates with the insurance company
Explanation: Financial management ensures payments for Jaipur hospitals (Module 1).
Other options are unrelated.
Question 8: Answer – B) Ensuring timely oxygen cylinder delivery
Explanation: Supply chain management delivers critical supplies in Rajasthan (Module 1).
Options A, C, and D are unrelated.
Question 9: Answer – B) Long wait times due to overcrowding
Explanation: Overcrowding causes long OPD wait times in Dehradun (Module 3). Options
A, C, and D are unrealistic.
Question 10: Answer – B) It secures patient records for quick access
Explanation: Information systems secure data for Pune doctors, improving efficiency
(Module 1). Other options are incorrect.
Section 2: HMS Technical Know-How
Question 11: Answer – B) Ensures transparency, reduced errors, faster processing
Explanation: HMS streamlines billing in Noida, as per Module 2 Quiz. Options A, C, and D
are negative.
Question 12: Answer – C) Patient Management Module
Explanation: The Patient Management Module records patient details in Punjab (Module 2).
Other modules handle different tasks.
Question 13: Answer – B) By alerting staff for low medicine stock
Explanation: HMS alerts prevent stockouts in Haryana pharmacies (Module 3). Options A,
C, and D are unrelated.
Question 14: Answer – B) MocDoc
Explanation: MocDoc is used in Uttarakhand for OPD management (Module 2). Other
options are not HMS platforms.
Question 15: Answer – B) Log in to HMS with credentials
Explanation: Logging in is the first step for Delhi OPD scheduling (Module 2). Other
options are subsequent.
Question 16: Answer – B) By sending SMS/email reminders
Explanation: HMS reminders reduce missed appointments in Jaipur (Module 2). Options A,
C, and D are less effective.
Question 17: Answer – C) Reporting Module
Explanation: The Reporting Module analyzes OPD trends in Chandigarh (Module 2). Other
modules focus elsewhere.
Question 18: Answer – B) By automating shift assignments
Explanation: HMS automates scheduling in Lucknow, reducing burnout (Module 3).
Options A, C, and D are inefficient.
Question 19: Answer – B) Robust inventory tracking
Explanation: Medixcel’s inventory tracking prevents shortages in Punjab (Module 2). Other
options are irrelevant.
Question 20: Answer – B) Place an urgent vendor order
Explanation: Urgent orders prevent insulin shortages in Gurgaon (Module 3). Options A, C,
and D risk crises. Ask Avani Hospital Manager AI: For help, ask, “How do I handle low
stock alerts?”